time of the dispatch thereof.除非本合同另有规定，所有通知和请求以航空挂号信寄出则发出后8日应视为送达收悉，以电传

方式发出则在发送时视为收悉。

As构成：as the case may be（视具体情况而定），as the case may require（视具体要求而定）和 as the Venturers may

determine等短语。

例句：The Venture may relocate its office from time to time or have additional offices as the Venturers may

determine.
该合资公司视投资者决策，可随时迁址或增添营业场所。

As构成as of the date of ____ (date) 短语是英语合同中表示“自某年某月某日起”最正式的表达。

例句：In witness whereof, the parties have caused this instrument to be duly executed as of the day and year

first above written.
合同双方签订本文件，该文件自以上书就日期即时生效，特此为证。

As还用在as soon as practical短语中，意义用法相当于as soon as possible.

例句：During the Employment Period, the Company agrees that it shall recommend to the Board the election of the

Employee as a Director of the Company on the Commencement Date or as soon as practical thereafter.
本公司同意在聘用期间，应自本协议开始或其后尽早的时间向董事会推选受聘方为本公司董事。

As与 such连用是英文合同中一大特色，参看本书第二章第三节部分，在此不在赘述。
 
5. foregoing, aforesaid, the said, aforementioned, above-mentioned, in question

Foregoing, aforesaid, the said, aforementioned, above-mentioned一族，一般放在名词前作限定，意为“前述的”或“上述

的”，为避免重复已经提到的姓名或名称。

例1：The Bank shall give prompt written or telex notice to the Borrower of the Interest Rate in effect from time

to time in accordance with the foregoing sentence.本银行将根据前述的句子以书面或电传形式随时及时通知借款方生效的

利率。

例2：The contract shall be written in Chinese and in ____________. Both language versions are equally authentic.

In the event of any discrepancy between the two aforementioned versions, the Chinese version shall prevail.
本合同应以中文和_文书就，具同等法律效力。前述两种文本如有歧异，以中文文本为准。

In question: under consideration; being talk about. 通常表示“在考虑或讨论中的”某件事或某个问题，可译为“这”或

“该”问题。

例句：All prices to be paid by the Buyer under its obligations of the buyback/counter-purchase Contract shall be

the world market prices taking into account the other delivery terms for the goods in question.
买方根据返销或回购货物合同的义务所支付的价格应为世界市场价格，结合考虑该货物的其他交货条件。
 
6. follows, as below, the following

这一族都表示“下列”，一般放在动词后，而the following作为“下列”在英文合同中用的较少。这样的例子俯手皆是，恐怕每

个英文合同都少不了的。

NOW THEREFORE, the parties hereby covenant and agree as follows;
为此，双方达成契约，约定如下：

NOW THEREFORE, it is hereby agreed as below.
为此，双方约定如下：

Now therefore, in consideration of the premises and covenants described hereinafter, Party A and Party B agree as

follows:
兹以上述各点和契约所载条款为约因，订约双方协议如下：

 7. according to, under, subject to, in accordance with, as per, as provided in, pursuant to, in compliance with
这一族都表示“依照，根据”合同的约定或者法律的规定。其中尤以“according to”最不正式，自然用的最少了，而“in

accordance with”最为常见。

例如：In case no settlement can be reached, the case may then be submitted for arbitration to China International

Economic And Trade Arbitration Commission in accordance with the provisional Rules of Procedures promulgated by

the said Arbitration Commission.如未能达成和解，该案件可提交中国国际贸易仲裁委员会根据该仲裁委员会颁布的仲裁程序

暂行规定进行仲裁。

又如：A Photostat copy of the Acceptance Certificate of the Contract Plant signed by the representatives of both

parties as per Chapter 9 of the present Contract. 该合同设备的验收证书的影印副本由双方代表按照该合同第九章签收。

再如：Both Parties shall each contribute their paid in capital in compliance with the items specified in the

appendix to the Contract.
合同双方应按照本合同附件中载明的项目进行出资。
 
8. Including but not limited to与including, without limitation以及including by way of illustration but not

limitation

英文合同表达“包括但不限于”时，就会用到这几个短语。

例如：The time for the performance of the Seller's obligations set forth in this Contract shall be automatically

extended for a period equal to the duration of any nonperformance arising directly or indirectly from Force

Majeure events including but not limited to fire, flood, earthquake, typhoon, natural catastrophe, and all other

contingencies and circumstances whatsoever beyond the Seller's reasonable control preventing, hindering or

interfering with the performance thereof.
本合同规定卖方履行义务的时间应自动延长等同于由于直接或间接由于不可抗力事件导致的不能履行的期间。不可抗力事件包括

但不限于火灾、洪水、地震、台风、自然灾害和卖方无论怎样也无法合理控制的阻止、妨碍、干扰本合同履行的其他风险和情形

。
 
9. prior to, no later than, on or before，on and after，prior to, on or before，no later than, on or after常用在

英文合同中限定日期，prior to表示“某日之前，提前多少日”。on or before, no(not) later than,表示“不迟于”，On and

after表示“从某日起”。

例如：Party A shall be unauthorized to accept any order sort to collect any account on and after September 20.
自9月2O日起，甲方已无权接受任何定单或收据。

例如：Our terms are cash within three months, i.e. on or before May 1.
我公司的条件是，3个月内，即不得晚于5月1日，支付现金。

例如： Party B shall ship the goods within one month of the date of signing this Contract, i.e. not later than

December.
本合同签字之日一个月内，即不迟于12月15日，你方须将货物装船。

例如：10-15 days prior to the date of shipment, the Buyer shall inform the Seller by cable or telex of the

contract number, name of vessel, ETA of vessel, quantity to be loaded and the name of shipping agent, so as to

enable the Seller to contact the shipping agent direct and arrange the shipment of the goods.
装运前10天到15天，买方应以电报或电传方式通知卖方合同编号、装运船名，预计到达时间，装载数量和承运代理商名称，以便

能使卖方直接联系承运代理商安排货物装运。

此外，为限定时间更为明确，还常用inclusive、including和included，来限定含当日在内的时间。

例如：This credit expires till January1 (inclusive) for negotiation in Beijing. (or:This credit expires till and

including January1 for negotiation in Beijing.)
本证在北京议付，有效期至1月1日。如果不包括1月1日在内，则为till and not including January 1。
 
10．Without prejudice to Without prejudice to,常用于英文合同中，表示在“不损害某规定/情况下”。

例如：The Buyer shall nevertheless have the right to cancel in part or in whole of the contract without prejudice

to the Buyer's right to claim compensations.
不妨害买方索赔权，买方仍有权取消合同的部分或全部。
 
11．Attributable to, due to, owing to,  by virtue of, in view of, because of, on account of，considering, in

consideration of

这一组短语出现在英文合同中都表示“因为”，其中due to，owing to，because of较不正式，很少使用。

例如：

二、英文合同常见实词(Content Words)

1． Represent, warrant, undertake, guarantee

在英文合同中这几个词都表示“保证”的含义。Represent 往往和warrant连用，出现在合同的声明保证部分：

例如：Both the Seller and the Purchaser warrant and represent that no broker was involved in negotiating this

purchase and sale, and both the Seller and the Purchaser agree to indemnify and hold each other harmless against

any and all claims for brokerage.

买卖双方保证并声明没有中介介入交易磋商，且保证赔偿对方因中介引起的索赔并使其免受损害。

例如：Under FOB terms, the Seller shall undertake to load the contracted goods on board the vessel nominated by

the Buyer on any date notified by the Buyer, within the time of shipment as stipulated in Clause 8 of this

Contract.
根据离岸价格术语，卖方应保证根据在本合同第八条规定的时限内，按买方通知的日期，装 运货物至买方指定船只。

例如：Party B guarantees that the machines and equipment are unused, sophisticated and of best quality, and that

the machines and equipment are capable of manufacturing the steel wire rope.
乙方保证机器设备未经使用，性能良好、品质卓越而且该设备能生产出钢丝绳。

2. Principal place of business (principal office), domicile, business premise, registered office
在英文合同中，这几个词的意思分别是：“主营业地”、“住所地”、“营业场所”、“注册地”。往往出现在前言的“parties

”部分。

例如：This Contract made on April 1, 19- -, at ______, China, between ABC Co. with its principal office at

______, China (hereinafter called Party A), and XYZ Co. with its principal office at______, USA (hereinafter

called Party B).
本合同于19**年4月1日于中国***签订，合同双方为ABC公司（以下简称甲方），其主营业地位于中国***，和XYZ公司（以下简称