and sold by Licensee hereunder, together with any cartons, containers and packing and wrapping material used in

connection therewith.
受许可方开始销售产品后，应许可方随时书面要求，不对许可方产生任何附加费用，受许可方应向许可方提供根据本协议正在生

产销售的随机样品及其相关的纸箱、集装箱和包装材料。

第三章 英文合同中常见的用词及句型（Usual Wordings and Sentence Patterns）
 
I don’t care what their intention was. I only want to know what the words mean. A word is not a crystal,

transparent and unchanged, it is the skin of a living thought and may vary greatly in color and content according

to the circumstances and the time in which it is used.

                                 --Towne v. Eisner, 245 U.S.418, 425(1918)
(Holmes, J.)

我并不在意他们的意图是什么，我只是想知道文字的意思。文字不是水晶般通明一成不变，而是活生生思想的外衣，会因使用的

场合和时间在色彩和内容上产生巨大的变化。

                                 —霍尔姆斯法官（美国）

英文合同中常见的用词和句型有其相对固定的含义和用法，不仅可以帮助准确理解掌握合同条款的含义，而且这些成熟的表达方

式可以为提高、完善草拟和翻译合同所借鉴，达到事半功倍的效果。
 
第一节  合同常用词(Usual Wording)

当大量接触英文合同，就会发现英文合同中有些词或短语出现的频率非常高，往往影响或决定了对合同的准确理解，下面就分门

别类从常见实词和常见虚词两个方面进行具体介绍：

一、英文合同常用虚词（Usual Function Words）

1． Here/there/where+介词构成的古体词基本规则：Here代表this，there代表that，where代表which或what即

here/there/where+介词=介词+this/that/which or what

Hereby: by means of; by reason of this.特此，由此，兹等意。

例句：The Buyer hereby orders from the Seller the undermentioned goods subject to the following conditions:
买方向卖方订购下列商品，条件如下：

Herein：in this。此中，于此。

例句：The minimum royalty herein specified shall be paid by Party B to Party A.  在此规定的最低特许权使用费应由乙

方付给甲方。

Hereinafter: later in the same Contract. 以下，在下文。通常与 to be referred to as, referred as, called 连用。

例句：This Agreement is made and concluded on ______, (date)____(year), by and between _____(hereinafter called

Party A) on the one hand and _____(hereinafter called Party B) on the other hand.
本协议书于____年___月___日由_____（以下简称甲方）为一方，与_____(以下简称乙方)为另一方签订。

Hereof：of this。关于此点，在本文件中。Hereunder：under this. 本文件规定。

例句：Both parties agree to attempt to resolve all disputes between the parties with respect to the application

or interpretation of any term hereof of transaction hereunder, through amicable negotiation.
合同双方就本合同规定交易任一条款的适用和解释所产生的所有争议同意力求通过友好协商予以解决。

Hereto：to this.本文件的。Thereof：of that.它的，其。Thereto：to that 与之，向那里。

例句：“Licensed Products” means the devices and products described in Schedule 1 annexed hereto together with

all improvement and modification thereof or development with respect thereto.
“特许产品”系指在本协议附件1中所述的装置和产品，及其全部改进和修改的产品和与之相关的产品。

Herewith：with this.与此，附此。Thereby：by that means.因此，由此，从而

例句：In any one or more of the provisions contained in this Contract or any document executed in connection

herewith shall be invalid of unenforceable in any respect under any applicable law, the validity and

enforceability of the remaining provisions contained herein shall not in any way be affected thereby.
如果根据现行法律，本合同及与此有关文件中有一项或多项条款被视为无效或不能履行，本合同其余条款的效力和履行将不因此

受影响。

Thereafter: after that，afterwards.此后。

例句：The Contract for the contractual joint venture shall continue from a period o two years thereafter.本合作经

营企业合同，此后应持续有效两年。

Therein: in that; in that particular context; in that respect.在那里；在那点上；在那方面。

例句：The Leased Premises are deemed to be fit for occupation when the building therein is substantially

completed.
当在那里的建筑物实质完成时，该租赁房屋才认为适合占有居住。

Therewith：with that.以此；此外。

例句：The Employer shall indemnify and save harmless the Contractor against and from the same and against and

from all claims, proceedings, damages, costs, charges and expenses whatsoever arising there out or in connection

therewith.
业主应赔偿所有索赔、诉讼、损害赔偿、支出、花费、费用，不论因本合同产生或与其相关，并保证承包人免于承担上述责任。

Whereby: by the agreement; by the following terms and conditions, etc. 凭此协议，凭此条款等。

例句：This Agreement is made and concluded by and between AA Corporation (hereinafter referred to as Party A) and

BB Company (hereinafter referred to as Party B) whereby the Parties hereto agree to enter into the compensation

trade under the terms and conditions set forth below:
本协议由AA公司（以下简称甲方）和BB公司（以下简称乙方）签订。双方同意按下列条款进行补偿贸易。（本句中省略未译）

2．  WITNESSETH, Whereas, Now Therefore, NOW THESE PRESENTS WITNESS, Know All Men by these presents，In witness

Whereof, In Testimony Whereof, Undersigned.

WITHNESSETH, Whereas, Now Therefore用于英文合同前言部分，In witness Whereof用于合同结尾证明部分，在第二章篇章结构

特点中已有涉及，恕不赘述。

In Testimony Whereof: in Witness Whereof. 以此为证，特立此证。

例句：In Testimony Whereof we have hereto signed this Document on _____ (date) accepted on _____ (date).
我方于__年__月__日签署本文件，并于__年__月__日接受该文件，特此为证。

NOW THESE PRESENTS WITNESS: 兹特立约为据, 本句话也是用于WHEREAS条款之后引出具体协议事项。

例句：NOW THESE PRESENTS WITNESS that it is hereby agreed between the parties hereto as follows:
兹特立约为据，并由订约双方协议如下：

KNOW ALL MEN by these presents:根据本文件，特此宣布。（通常用于前言部分）

例句：KNOW ALL MEN by these presents that we_____(bank’s name)having our registered office at ______

(hereinafter called “the Bank”) will be bound unto _____(the Owner’s name)(hereinafter called “the Owner”)

in the sum of ____ for payment well and truly to be made to the said Owner, the Bank will bind itself, its

successors and better assignee by these presents.根据本文件，兹宣布，我行，（银行名称），其注册地点在（以下简称本

银行）向（业主名称）（以下简称本业主）立约担保支付（金额数）的保证金。本保证书对本银行及其继受人和受让人均具有约

束力。

Undersigned: 法律文件末尾的签名者,前面加定冠词the,是指文件签署者的自称。

例句：The undersigned Seller and Buyer have agreed to close the following transaction in accordance with the

terms and conditions stipulated as follows:
兹经签约的买卖双方同意，按下列条款，达成这笔交易。

3． Notwithstanding: in spite of, despite. 即使，尽管。

例1：Notwithstanding any other provisions to the contrary herein, insurance coverage and limits shall be subject

to approval of all the parties.
即使有与本合同相悖的规定，保险范围和责任限制应以合同各方同意为准。

例2：Notwithstanding Article 2.2, the parties may agree to extend the Expiration date to such date as is

reasonable in the circumstances if any of the conditions precedent referred to in Article 2.1 is not satisfied or

waived on or before the Expiration Date, any such agreement or waiver to be in writing.
尽管有本合同第二条第二款规定，如上述第二条第一款规定的先决条件在合同期满日之前既未实现又未放弃，合同各方亦可根据

具体情况，约定合理延长合同的期满日。

4． As
合同英语中as出现的频率极高，而且用法灵活多变，是典型的自由人。在某种意义上讲，as使用的熟练程度可以衡量合同英语的

造诣。具体用法和含义见以下实例：

As 放在代表规定的provide，stipulate，set forth，prescribe等词的过去分词前，含义为“依照某某规定”。

例1：For purpose of this, Capital Account shall be adjusted hypothetically as provided for in Section 4.6 herein.
基于此，应依照本合同第四条第六款调整资金账户。

例2：based on their respective Venture interests as set forth in Section 5.2 hereof.
基于本合同第五条第二款规定的各方在合资公司中的权益。

另有Except as otherwise provided结构，表示“除非本文/某条款另有规定”。

例句：Except as otherwise provided herein, all notices or demands sent by registered airmail shall be deemed

received 8 days after they